![]() The "bronze" process contains Nb in a copper–tin bronze matrix. The "internal tin" process includes separate alloys of Nb, Cu and Sn. To overcome this, wire manufacturers typically draw down composite wires containing ductile precursors. Mechanically, Nb 3Sn is extremely brittle and thus cannot be easily drawn into a wire, which is necessary for winding superconducting magnets. Niobium tin had been proposed in 1986 as an alternative to niobium–titanium, since it allowed coolants less complex than superfluid helium, but this was not pursued in order to avoid delays while competing with the then-planned US-led Superconducting Super Collider. Īt the Large Hadron Collider at CERN, extra-strong quadrupole magnets (for focussing beams) made with niobium–tin are being installed in key points of the accelerator between late 2018 and early 2020. Estimated use is 600 metric tons (590 long tons) of Nb 3Sn strands and 250 metric tonnes of NbTi strands. The toroidal field coils will operate at a maximum field of 11.8 T. ![]() The central solenoid coil will produce a field of 13.5 teslas (135,000 G). The central solenoid and toroidal field superconducting magnets for the planned experimental ITER fusion reactor use niobium–tin as a superconductor. Nb 3Sn wire from the ITER fusion reactor, which is currently under construction. In 1961 it was discovered that niobium–tin still exhibits superconductivity at large currents and strong magnetic fields, thus becoming the first known material to support the high currents and fields necessary for making useful high-power magnets and electric power machinery. Nb 3Sn was discovered to be a superconductor in 1954, one year after the discovery of V 3Si, the first example of an A 3B superconductor. In April 2008 a record non-copper current density was claimed of 2,643 A mm −2 at 12 T and 4.2 K. Application temperatures are commonly around 4.2 K (−268.95 ☌ −452.11 ☏), the boiling point of liquid helium at atmospheric pressure. The material's ability to support high currents and magnetic fields was discovered in 1961 and started the era of large-scale applications of superconductivity. Nb 3Sn was discovered to be a superconductor in 1954. It is more expensive than niobium–titanium (NbTi), but remains superconducting up to a magnetic flux density of 30 teslas (300,000 G), compared to a limit of roughly 15 T for NbTi. This intermetallic compound has a simple structure: A3B. Niobium–tin is an intermetallic compound of niobium (Nb) and tin (Sn), used industrially as a type II superconductor.
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